Monday, February 23, 2009
Feb24 Exercise (TFY C6, Opinions)
P177 An Exercise in Evaluating Opinions
Rate the following opinions as:
A. An opinion I would accept and act on
B. Worthy of Consideration
C. I’d want another opinion
D. Forget It!
1. Your doctor says you need surgery immediately.
A
2. A psychiatrist testifies in court that the defendant is not guilty by reason of insanity.
B
3. The weather forecaster says it will rain tomorrow.
B
4. Your attorney says you should sue your neighbor for damages.
B
5. You want to rent an apartment but the neighbor next door says the landlord is a weirdo.
C
6. Your best friend tells you your fiancée is tacky.
D
7. Your English instructor says you don’t know how to think and should see a psychiatrist.
D
8. Your astrologer tells you not to go on any long trips in May.
D
9. The judge says you are guilty of driving under the influence of alcohol.
A
10. An engineer says you can prevent your basement from flooding by blasting holes for drainage in your foundation.
C
11. Your utility energy advisor says you can conserve energy by having your floors insulated.
B
12. A Pentagon general advises bombing Mexico.
D
P187 Chapter Quiz
1. Expert opinion calculates the risk involved in spacing the gap between the known and the unknown for a particular situation.
True
2. Giving advice is not a way of offering an opinion.
False
3. The results of public opinion polls are equivalent to votes in elections.
False
4. Opinions in the forms of judgments state what is right and wrong, bed and good.
True
5. Some opinions are based on generalizations, such as stereotype, as in the statement “All Chinese look alike."
True
6. Responsible opinions are based on a careful examination of the evidence.
False
7. Opinions are the same as facts.
False
8. Gossip is opinion sharing without any requirement for substantiation.
True
9. Everyone is entitled to his or her own opinion because all opinion carries equal value.
False
10. Prevailing sentiment refers to popular opinion that changes with the times.
True
Rate the following opinions as:
A. An opinion I would accept and act on
B. Worthy of Consideration
C. I’d want another opinion
D. Forget It!
1. Your doctor says you need surgery immediately.
A
2. A psychiatrist testifies in court that the defendant is not guilty by reason of insanity.
B
3. The weather forecaster says it will rain tomorrow.
B
4. Your attorney says you should sue your neighbor for damages.
B
5. You want to rent an apartment but the neighbor next door says the landlord is a weirdo.
C
6. Your best friend tells you your fiancée is tacky.
D
7. Your English instructor says you don’t know how to think and should see a psychiatrist.
D
8. Your astrologer tells you not to go on any long trips in May.
D
9. The judge says you are guilty of driving under the influence of alcohol.
A
10. An engineer says you can prevent your basement from flooding by blasting holes for drainage in your foundation.
C
11. Your utility energy advisor says you can conserve energy by having your floors insulated.
B
12. A Pentagon general advises bombing Mexico.
D
P187 Chapter Quiz
1. Expert opinion calculates the risk involved in spacing the gap between the known and the unknown for a particular situation.
True
2. Giving advice is not a way of offering an opinion.
False
3. The results of public opinion polls are equivalent to votes in elections.
False
4. Opinions in the forms of judgments state what is right and wrong, bed and good.
True
5. Some opinions are based on generalizations, such as stereotype, as in the statement “All Chinese look alike."
True
6. Responsible opinions are based on a careful examination of the evidence.
False
7. Opinions are the same as facts.
False
8. Gossip is opinion sharing without any requirement for substantiation.
True
9. Everyone is entitled to his or her own opinion because all opinion carries equal value.
False
10. Prevailing sentiment refers to popular opinion that changes with the times.
True
Feb24 Opinions Summary (TFY C6, Opinions)
This chapter explores that familiar word opinion and examines the way it affects our ability to think critically.
Opinions are based on an understanding of evidence and risks in a situation and is important and highly valued. It can be well substantiated or not. They can be based either on reasons or solely on whim, feelings, emotions or prejudice. We recognize the difference between responsible and irresponsible opinion and that we distinguish statements based on evidence from statements based solely on feelings.
Opinions are one of the few things that are based clearly on an individual personal ideas and thoughts. It’s what makes us different from one another. If everybody had the same opinions perhaps we would live in a much more peaceful world, but it would be so boring everybody would view everything in the same way not much would have been accomplished.
Critical thinking requires that we recognize the difference between responsible and irresponsible opinion.
Opinions are based on an understanding of evidence and risks in a situation and is important and highly valued. It can be well substantiated or not. They can be based either on reasons or solely on whim, feelings, emotions or prejudice. We recognize the difference between responsible and irresponsible opinion and that we distinguish statements based on evidence from statements based solely on feelings.
Opinions are one of the few things that are based clearly on an individual personal ideas and thoughts. It’s what makes us different from one another. If everybody had the same opinions perhaps we would live in a much more peaceful world, but it would be so boring everybody would view everything in the same way not much would have been accomplished.
Critical thinking requires that we recognize the difference between responsible and irresponsible opinion.
Feb24 Summary (CRCB C9, PSR Strategies)
Summary on chapter 9 from CRCB Using Preview, Study-Read, and Review(PSR)Strategies.
The PSR technique requires that you question yourself before, during and after you read. It encourages you to participate in a reader-author conversation rather than to read passively. In this conversation, you access what the author says and decide if it makes sense to you. By asking questions, predicting textbook content, and hypothesizing about the main idea, you are participating in a conversation with the author. You also add what you know to the conversation by recalling related information. It helps to understand and remember the text material.
The PSR technique also requires responding to readings by writing in your journal. Commenting in writing helps to digest and understand an author's ideas and articulate your own, by identifying exactly where you become confused in a reading, you can return to that point and reread the relevant section of text.
The PSR technique also requires you to respond to readings by writing in your journal. Review reading using your journal can helps you to understand an author’s ideas and helps you relate the material to what you already know.
There are many different strategies in studying one of the strategies is known as PSR. In PSR There are three basic steps the first preview, this is where you get a glimpse in what you will be reading, how long the reading of study assignment is and a the major points in your reading. This process is called skimming and it when you quickly read through the whole chapter to get an idea of what later you will be going in to depth with.
The PSR technique requires that you question yourself before, during and after you read. It encourages you to participate in a reader-author conversation rather than to read passively. In this conversation, you access what the author says and decide if it makes sense to you. By asking questions, predicting textbook content, and hypothesizing about the main idea, you are participating in a conversation with the author. You also add what you know to the conversation by recalling related information. It helps to understand and remember the text material.
The PSR technique also requires responding to readings by writing in your journal. Commenting in writing helps to digest and understand an author's ideas and articulate your own, by identifying exactly where you become confused in a reading, you can return to that point and reread the relevant section of text.
The PSR technique also requires you to respond to readings by writing in your journal. Review reading using your journal can helps you to understand an author’s ideas and helps you relate the material to what you already know.
There are many different strategies in studying one of the strategies is known as PSR. In PSR There are three basic steps the first preview, this is where you get a glimpse in what you will be reading, how long the reading of study assignment is and a the major points in your reading. This process is called skimming and it when you quickly read through the whole chapter to get an idea of what later you will be going in to depth with.
Monday, February 16, 2009
Feb17 Exercise (TFY C5, Assumptions)
P145 Discovery Exercise
Defining Assumption,
Using at least two dictionaries, write your own definition of assumption.
1. A statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn; "on the assumption that he has been injured we can infer that he will not to play"
2. a thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof
My definition of assumption: an uncertain belief
Defining Assumption,
Using at least two dictionaries, write your own definition of assumption.
1. A statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn; "on the assumption that he has been injured we can infer that he will not to play"
2. a thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof
My definition of assumption: an uncertain belief
Feb17 Summary (TFY C5, Assumptions)
This chapter takes a look at that familiar word, assumption. It is something we take for granted, something we accept prematurely as being true, something we do not check out carefully.
Firstly, Assumptions can be conscious or unconscious, warranted or unwarranted. The different is that unconscious and unwarranted assumptions can lead to faulty reasoning, whereas conscious and warranted assumptions can be useful tools for problem solving. Training in critical thinking can help us avoid making as many unconscious assumptions as well as unwarranted ones.
Furthermore, Hidden assumptions exert a powerful effect on our reasoning. How should we go about identifying hidden assumptions? There are two main steps involved. First, determine whether the argument is valid or not. If the argument is valid, the conclusion does indeed follow from the premises, and so the premises have shown explicitly the assumptions needed to derive the conclusion. There are then no hidden assumptions involved. But if the argument is not valid, you should check carefully what additional premises should be added to the argument that would make it valid. We perceive incongruities when we observe situations that do not meet our expectations or assumptions.
Incongruity is something that does not meet our expectations about what is correct, appropriate, logical, or standard. In studying, you have had the choice of either avoiding the disequilibrium they aroused or staying with the task long enough to reach a satisfactory for their incongruities – and thus finding a way to restore your equilibrium.
At last, as a conscious tool, we can look for assumptions when we are confronted with a problem to solve.
Firstly, Assumptions can be conscious or unconscious, warranted or unwarranted. The different is that unconscious and unwarranted assumptions can lead to faulty reasoning, whereas conscious and warranted assumptions can be useful tools for problem solving. Training in critical thinking can help us avoid making as many unconscious assumptions as well as unwarranted ones.
Furthermore, Hidden assumptions exert a powerful effect on our reasoning. How should we go about identifying hidden assumptions? There are two main steps involved. First, determine whether the argument is valid or not. If the argument is valid, the conclusion does indeed follow from the premises, and so the premises have shown explicitly the assumptions needed to derive the conclusion. There are then no hidden assumptions involved. But if the argument is not valid, you should check carefully what additional premises should be added to the argument that would make it valid. We perceive incongruities when we observe situations that do not meet our expectations or assumptions.
Incongruity is something that does not meet our expectations about what is correct, appropriate, logical, or standard. In studying, you have had the choice of either avoiding the disequilibrium they aroused or staying with the task long enough to reach a satisfactory for their incongruities – and thus finding a way to restore your equilibrium.
At last, as a conscious tool, we can look for assumptions when we are confronted with a problem to solve.
Feb17 Summary (CRCB C10, Marking)
An important skill to have while studying or writing a report is the ability to find the main points in any type of text. Textbook marking is a systematic way of marking, highlighting, and labeling ideas to show how they are related to each other and which are most important. It also helps you to remember what you had read.
At the end of the study-reading stage of textbook reading, you should look for and mark these items: main ideas, major supporting details, and new vocabulary. Beyond these three basic elements of textbook marking, you should use your experience in lecture and lab to decide if you need to mark more. Always mark information that is unclear; to remind yourself to find out what it means before you are tested on the material. The benefit of doing this is, you have six books that you have collected and it would be a waste of time to go back through them again, when highlighted you can just go to where you have previously marked and pull out what you need.
A personalized system will work well as long as it is consistent, makes sense to you and achieves the main goal of textbook marking; showing the relationships between ideas in what you read.
At the end of the study-reading stage of textbook reading, you should look for and mark these items: main ideas, major supporting details, and new vocabulary. Beyond these three basic elements of textbook marking, you should use your experience in lecture and lab to decide if you need to mark more. Always mark information that is unclear; to remind yourself to find out what it means before you are tested on the material. The benefit of doing this is, you have six books that you have collected and it would be a waste of time to go back through them again, when highlighted you can just go to where you have previously marked and pull out what you need.
A personalized system will work well as long as it is consistent, makes sense to you and achieves the main goal of textbook marking; showing the relationships between ideas in what you read.
Sunday, February 8, 2009
Feb10 Exercise (CRCB C7, Inference)
CRCB Chapter7 Inference Exercise
Exercise 7b, Determining an Author’s Purpose,P214
1. to inform
2. to persuade you
3. to inform
4. entertain
5. to inform
Exercise 7c, Comparisons,P216
1. Comparison between: a Sun-bath b. a drink of wine to the reptile
Implied similarity: it was very enjoyable
2. Comparison between: a. under pressure b. lion
Implied similarity: he feels ambitious
3. Comparison between: a. facts b. air on which the scientist learns.
Implied similarity: Scientists need facts.
4. Comparison between: a. battleship b. computer
Implied similarity: The hacker uses his computer to assail the weak and subvert the unsuspecting.
5. Comparison between: a. liquid b. people in the stadium aisles
Implied similarity: They both move freely.
6. Comparison between: a. the protagonist b. delicate vegetable
Implied similarity: They both start indoors, where it is safe, and are moved outside. In this case, the protagonist starts out in urban England.
Exercise 7d, Setting the Tone,P219
1. c. Troubled
2. a. Intense
3. c. Humorous
4. c. Sarcastic
Exercise 7e, Detecting Bias in Paragraphs- Emotive Words,P221
1. This author is biased, or sympathetic, towards poor people and believes that they have not been dealt with fairly in terms of equal access to good jobs.
2. The author believes that it is wrong.
3. He believes that things have gotten better, but there is still a long way to go.
4. He doesn’t like it.
Exercise 7f, More Practice in Detecting Bias,P223
1. I agree with the article. I believe with the statement about him hanging.
2. He wanted to express his views.
3. The USA needs to go after Osama Bin Laden.
4. Swinging from the end of the rope, vanquished
5. Angry, “Swing from the end of the rope…”
Exercise 7b, Determining an Author’s Purpose,P214
1. to inform
2. to persuade you
3. to inform
4. entertain
5. to inform
Exercise 7c, Comparisons,P216
1. Comparison between: a Sun-bath b. a drink of wine to the reptile
Implied similarity: it was very enjoyable
2. Comparison between: a. under pressure b. lion
Implied similarity: he feels ambitious
3. Comparison between: a. facts b. air on which the scientist learns.
Implied similarity: Scientists need facts.
4. Comparison between: a. battleship b. computer
Implied similarity: The hacker uses his computer to assail the weak and subvert the unsuspecting.
5. Comparison between: a. liquid b. people in the stadium aisles
Implied similarity: They both move freely.
6. Comparison between: a. the protagonist b. delicate vegetable
Implied similarity: They both start indoors, where it is safe, and are moved outside. In this case, the protagonist starts out in urban England.
Exercise 7d, Setting the Tone,P219
1. c. Troubled
2. a. Intense
3. c. Humorous
4. c. Sarcastic
Exercise 7e, Detecting Bias in Paragraphs- Emotive Words,P221
1. This author is biased, or sympathetic, towards poor people and believes that they have not been dealt with fairly in terms of equal access to good jobs.
2. The author believes that it is wrong.
3. He believes that things have gotten better, but there is still a long way to go.
4. He doesn’t like it.
Exercise 7f, More Practice in Detecting Bias,P223
1. I agree with the article. I believe with the statement about him hanging.
2. He wanted to express his views.
3. The USA needs to go after Osama Bin Laden.
4. Swinging from the end of the rope, vanquished
5. Angry, “Swing from the end of the rope…”
Feb10 Summary (CRCB C7, Inference)
This chapter explaining to fully understand a reading assignment, In order to fully understand a reading assignment, one need to read the material and combine what is stated with the additional information you generate using inference as a tool.
Inference is the process of thinking making assumptions and drawing conclusions about information. What we see, what we read, when an author’s opinions or ideas that are directly or indirectly implied in a reading stated materials.
Inference is a skill you practice every day, inferring meaning from textbooks and other college reading material requires you to use specific strategies such as detecting an author’s bias, nothing comparisons, and recognizing information gaps.
You also need to understand how an author’s purpose, tone, and use of key words and emotive language can be used as clues to his or her implied main idea.
Inference is the process of thinking making assumptions and drawing conclusions about information. What we see, what we read, when an author’s opinions or ideas that are directly or indirectly implied in a reading stated materials.
Inference is a skill you practice every day, inferring meaning from textbooks and other college reading material requires you to use specific strategies such as detecting an author’s bias, nothing comparisons, and recognizing information gaps.
You also need to understand how an author’s purpose, tone, and use of key words and emotive language can be used as clues to his or her implied main idea.
Feb10 Summary (TFY C4, Inferences)
This chapter explains how inferences take place in our minds, how they relate to facts, and how far wrong we can go when we mistake inferences for facts.
Infer means to take what you know and make a guess. When we infer, we use imagination or reasoning to provide explanations for situations in which all the facts are either not available or not yet determined. For example, If you get fired from your job, you can infer, maybe you did something wrong. It can be used as a strategy in planning and choosing alternatives. It detects and consultants all kind of valued for their ability to examine facts, imagination, reasoning to link with explanation and generalization ties to all information together into meaningful whole.
Responsible report writing or descriptive writing lets the facts speak for themselves as much as possible. Inference thinking is natural to humans, if someone walks up to us with a gun in there are hand we are going to assume they mean us harm. Inference is a way of gathering information, due to other things that may give to the ultimate finding. It is important to remember that inference is not factual. Just because one may infer something is going to happen, it may not happen at all, the exact opposite might happen.
Infer means to take what you know and make a guess. When we infer, we use imagination or reasoning to provide explanations for situations in which all the facts are either not available or not yet determined. For example, If you get fired from your job, you can infer, maybe you did something wrong. It can be used as a strategy in planning and choosing alternatives. It detects and consultants all kind of valued for their ability to examine facts, imagination, reasoning to link with explanation and generalization ties to all information together into meaningful whole.
Responsible report writing or descriptive writing lets the facts speak for themselves as much as possible. Inference thinking is natural to humans, if someone walks up to us with a gun in there are hand we are going to assume they mean us harm. Inference is a way of gathering information, due to other things that may give to the ultimate finding. It is important to remember that inference is not factual. Just because one may infer something is going to happen, it may not happen at all, the exact opposite might happen.
Monday, February 2, 2009
Feb03 Summary (CRCB C6, Details)
This chapter is about Using Inference to Identify Implied Main Ideas. The authors use details to help reads understand the supporting details.
Details are specific pieces of information that serve as the "arms and legs" of the main idea. They are usually presented as facts, opinions, examples, illustrations, explanations or definitions and are frequently discovered by asking questions. In order to understand a paragraph, you need to be able to pinpoint the topic and locate the main idea. It is the "key concept" being expressed. It supports the main idea by telling how, what, when, where, why, how much, or how many. Location the topic, main idea and supporting details helps you understand the points, the writer is attempting to express. Identifying the relationship between these will increase your comprehension.
If you are able to distinguish between the major and main supporting details, in your reading materials, it means you have understood what you have reading.
Details are specific pieces of information that serve as the "arms and legs" of the main idea. They are usually presented as facts, opinions, examples, illustrations, explanations or definitions and are frequently discovered by asking questions. In order to understand a paragraph, you need to be able to pinpoint the topic and locate the main idea. It is the "key concept" being expressed. It supports the main idea by telling how, what, when, where, why, how much, or how many. Location the topic, main idea and supporting details helps you understand the points, the writer is attempting to express. Identifying the relationship between these will increase your comprehension.
If you are able to distinguish between the major and main supporting details, in your reading materials, it means you have understood what you have reading.
Feb03 Exercise (CRCB C6, Details)
Learning Journal, P139
Exercise 6a, Identifying Major Supporting Details, P180
Your question:
How is it that the pain from a beating does not come until about eight or ten seconds after the stroke?
Major supporting detail: The stroke itself is merely a loud crack and a sort of blunt thud against your backside, numbing you completely.
Your question: Why is a tattoo a bad thing in the white-collar world?
Major supporting detail: You cannot earn power.
Your question: Why didn’t she approve of him?
Major supporting details: A. fell asleep at desk
B. Sniffled all the time
Your question: How does the visitor’s hand feel?
Major supporting detail: It was cool and quite oily and seemed human to me.
Your question: What advantages does the pointed arch offer?
Major supporting detail:
A. Because the sides arc up to a point, weight is channeled down to the ground at a steeper angle, and therefore the arch can be taller.
B. The vault constructed from such an arch also can be much taller than a barrel vault.
Your question: How does the Bacillus subtitles bacterium reproduce?
Major supporting details:
It splits every twenty minutes.
Exercise 6a, Identifying Major Supporting Details, P180
Your question:
How is it that the pain from a beating does not come until about eight or ten seconds after the stroke?
Major supporting detail: The stroke itself is merely a loud crack and a sort of blunt thud against your backside, numbing you completely.
Your question: Why is a tattoo a bad thing in the white-collar world?
Major supporting detail: You cannot earn power.
Your question: Why didn’t she approve of him?
Major supporting details: A. fell asleep at desk
B. Sniffled all the time
Your question: How does the visitor’s hand feel?
Major supporting detail: It was cool and quite oily and seemed human to me.
Your question: What advantages does the pointed arch offer?
Major supporting detail:
A. Because the sides arc up to a point, weight is channeled down to the ground at a steeper angle, and therefore the arch can be taller.
B. The vault constructed from such an arch also can be much taller than a barrel vault.
Your question: How does the Bacillus subtitles bacterium reproduce?
Major supporting details:
It splits every twenty minutes.
Feb03 Summary (CRCB C5, Main Ideas)
Chapter 5 is about Locating Stated Main Ideas Being able to determine the main idea is like having the answer to a puzzle. In order to achieve this, you must first be able to tell the difference between the general topic and the more specific ones. A topic is the most general idea while a main idea is more specific in covering the idea of the piece of writing, such as food being a topic and fish being a main idea.
The main idea is to understanding your reading. Details which are more specific support and illustrate the main idea like types of unusual foods, tongue, ants, alligator, and kangaroo. Noticing clue words and categorizing ideas helps you to separate examples and other supporting ideas from the larger, main points, so the relationships between ideas become clear. Some main ideas are stated directly in a reading and are easy to identify. Others are implied, and you must infer their meaning from the reading and then restate them in your own words. Implied main ideas and strategies for detecting them will be explored.
In most cases the main idea of the text being presented is going to be found in the introductory paragraph. You will also find a jumper of aid points around the main idea supporting it. The main idea will also be what mostly discuses throughout the body of the paper are. When you have completed read the test skim over what have read.
The main idea is to understanding your reading. Details which are more specific support and illustrate the main idea like types of unusual foods, tongue, ants, alligator, and kangaroo. Noticing clue words and categorizing ideas helps you to separate examples and other supporting ideas from the larger, main points, so the relationships between ideas become clear. Some main ideas are stated directly in a reading and are easy to identify. Others are implied, and you must infer their meaning from the reading and then restate them in your own words. Implied main ideas and strategies for detecting them will be explored.
In most cases the main idea of the text being presented is going to be found in the introductory paragraph. You will also find a jumper of aid points around the main idea supporting it. The main idea will also be what mostly discuses throughout the body of the paper are. When you have completed read the test skim over what have read.
Feb03 Exercise (CRCB C5, Main Ideas)
Learning Journal, P139
Without reading ahead, write down your definitions of the terms main idea, topic, details, major supporting details, and minor supporting details in your journal.
Main Idea: the major point the author makes about the topic.
Topic: a matter dealt with in a text, discourse, or conversation
Details: an individual feature
Major Supporting Details : supporting facts
Minor Supporting Details: descriptions
Exercise 5a, General and Specific Ideas,P141
Circle the most general item in each list. The first one is modeled for you.
1. Saab Audi Mustang cars
2. genetics DNA RNA
3. English history majors
4. gas matter solid liquid
5. Buddhism Sikhism religions Islam
6. control group variables research data
Exercise 5b, Identifying Topics, P142
For each list, think about what the separate items have in common and ask yourself, what is the general subject, or topic, of this list? The first one is modeled for you.
1. Topic: holidays
Labor Day
Fourth of July
Memorial Day
Christmas
2. Topic: Authors
Langston Hughes
Emily Dickinson
T.S. Eliot
Walt Whitman
3. Topic: Puzzles
crossword
riddles
jigsaw
conundrum
4. Topic: health
calories
carbohydrates
fat
protein
5. Topic: Resume
name
education
employment experience
references
6. Topic: Teeth
gingivitis
tarter
periodontal disease
plaque
Without reading ahead, write down your definitions of the terms main idea, topic, details, major supporting details, and minor supporting details in your journal.
Main Idea: the major point the author makes about the topic.
Topic: a matter dealt with in a text, discourse, or conversation
Details: an individual feature
Major Supporting Details : supporting facts
Minor Supporting Details: descriptions
Exercise 5a, General and Specific Ideas,P141
Circle the most general item in each list. The first one is modeled for you.
1. Saab Audi Mustang cars
2. genetics DNA RNA
3. English history majors
4. gas matter solid liquid
5. Buddhism Sikhism religions Islam
6. control group variables research data
Exercise 5b, Identifying Topics, P142
For each list, think about what the separate items have in common and ask yourself, what is the general subject, or topic, of this list? The first one is modeled for you.
1. Topic: holidays
Labor Day
Fourth of July
Memorial Day
Christmas
2. Topic: Authors
Langston Hughes
Emily Dickinson
T.S. Eliot
Walt Whitman
3. Topic: Puzzles
crossword
riddles
jigsaw
conundrum
4. Topic: health
calories
carbohydrates
fat
protein
5. Topic: Resume
name
education
employment experience
references
6. Topic: Teeth
gingivitis
tarter
periodontal disease
plaque
Sunday, February 1, 2009
Feb03 Summary (TFY C3, Facts)
This chapter concerns some of the complexities of the word fact: how facts are determined, how they relate to observations, how facts get confused with inferences, how facts relate to truth and reality, how they relate to language.
A fact is something known with certainty through experience, observation, or measurement that can be objectively demonstrated and verified how that people agree corresponds to reality. This can only be determined over time with repeated feedback and testing. In critical thinking we must evaluate all parts of a situation before coming to a final conclusion. We must observe all that surrounds our argument otherwise how can one come to a educate conclusion. You must not only look for facts that are present but also facts that are not there, narrowing down what it truth from foe. When taking observation you must know the difference between a reliable observation and an unreliable observation. It is also important while collecting all this data to not allow it to sway your judgment because it is an ongoing process, keep an open mind until you have the full picture in front of you.
Facts are not the equivalent of truths or reality, they are best, only our decision about what seems to be most real. Human beings need facts because they need certainties in order to proceed through the world. But we should not forget that human beings are fallible. It is our interpretations of what is real and true.
A fact is something known with certainty through experience, observation, or measurement that can be objectively demonstrated and verified how that people agree corresponds to reality. This can only be determined over time with repeated feedback and testing. In critical thinking we must evaluate all parts of a situation before coming to a final conclusion. We must observe all that surrounds our argument otherwise how can one come to a educate conclusion. You must not only look for facts that are present but also facts that are not there, narrowing down what it truth from foe. When taking observation you must know the difference between a reliable observation and an unreliable observation. It is also important while collecting all this data to not allow it to sway your judgment because it is an ongoing process, keep an open mind until you have the full picture in front of you.
Facts are not the equivalent of truths or reality, they are best, only our decision about what seems to be most real. Human beings need facts because they need certainties in order to proceed through the world. But we should not forget that human beings are fallible. It is our interpretations of what is real and true.
Feb03 Exercise (TFY C3, Facts)
Chapter3 - TFY - Facts Exercise
P94 Chapter Quiz
1. Some facts can be determined by measurements.
True
2. Some facts can be confirmed by the senses, others by records.
False
3. The most reliable facts are those that have been repeatedly confirmed by test over time.
True
4. Facts often consist of obvious details that are seen but not consciously recognized.
True
5. Sometimes what we clam to be fact are untrue because the human perceptions used to determine them are limited and fallible.
True
6. A person educated in critical thinking qualifies statements to reflect probabilities such as it appears that...
True
7. Often it is hard to make a decision because we do not have enough facts.
True
8. The study of many subjects consists of memorizing facts.
True
9. All newspapers can be depended upon as reliable sources of facts about world events.
False
10. An atmosphere that permits disagreements about widely accepted perceptions and belief helps critical thinking to flourish.
True
P94 Chapter Quiz
1. Some facts can be determined by measurements.
True
2. Some facts can be confirmed by the senses, others by records.
False
3. The most reliable facts are those that have been repeatedly confirmed by test over time.
True
4. Facts often consist of obvious details that are seen but not consciously recognized.
True
5. Sometimes what we clam to be fact are untrue because the human perceptions used to determine them are limited and fallible.
True
6. A person educated in critical thinking qualifies statements to reflect probabilities such as it appears that...
True
7. Often it is hard to make a decision because we do not have enough facts.
True
8. The study of many subjects consists of memorizing facts.
True
9. All newspapers can be depended upon as reliable sources of facts about world events.
False
10. An atmosphere that permits disagreements about widely accepted perceptions and belief helps critical thinking to flourish.
True
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